Having a property is, in fact, having the tendency, the potentiality to interact according to that property. Thus, in the same way in which the seed has within itself the tendency to become an oak (for example), the atom of hydrogen has within itself the tendency to fasten to an atom of oxygen. And, like …
Whitehead’s philosophical approach is based mainly on descriptive generalization. In this respect, he considers deduction as the method of mathematics, and the borrowing of this method by philosophy an error for the latter’s method of descriptive generalization (Whitehead 1978, p.10). Indeed, philosophy starts with concrete situations and experiences which it attempts to explain. It sees …
When science assumes that there are only material bodies in the universe, or put more generally, only matter, it forgets something fundamental: matter (if we take the pure concept of matter) cannot evolve. Science wants to reduce every transformation to a causal relationship, that is, to an action of a previously given material body on …
For Hegel, space is self-externality; that is to say, it is the embodiment of the idea of externality in what we call reality. However much I try to analyze space, to divide any distance or spatial structure, I will get another spatial distance or form. I will never be able to reach a level that …
We usually share inner experience with our fellow people: when someone tells me that he has pains in his foot, I understand him because I know and have often experienced the sensation of pain myself; when someone else tells me about how he spent his holiday, I immediately know that he is recounting a memory …
The previous part of this article can be read here. When scientists claim they have proven the non-existence of free will, they commit a blatant fallacy, which only they cannot see. What they do is pretend to prove what they have already assumed, even before the smallest first step of any demonstration. They say: ‘See …
The first part of this article can be read here. Someone who considers that humans are entirely determined by the activity of their neurons, might illustrate his idea by saying that real robots, created by human beings, also make decisions, despite the fact that they are lacking free will. ‘Do we not see, might he …
Some people deny free will exists. Let’s see what it would mean to accept that there is no free will for the whole of society and for yourself. In this case, no criminal or murderer could be convicted, because he could always argue that he was not responsible for his crime, but that guilt belongs …
Usually, when we are discontented with ourselves, we are tempted to think that somehow we are inferior to others. However, it is necessary to consider that there is no inferiority in general, in the same way in which there is no shortness or tallness in general. These are relational concepts. You are either shorter or …
In Hegel, unhappy consciousness is, of course, the result of the skeptical consciousness, of that consciousness that nowhere sees any truth. This consciousness has only itself, in its pure singularity, and nothing else, without any bonds to the world or others. The lack of bonds with the world consists of the claimed incognoscibility of the …