For philosophers, the matter is not simply objectivity. It is also the first expression of cosmic Thought, the first step of externalization of this Thought as nature. Such a way of speaking looks pretty odd today. However, we must remind ourselves that at this ontological level, metaphorical language is unavoidable. The archetype of every such …
If you have a sensation, i.e., interaction with the external environment, what is its impact on you as a living being? To be able to have a sensation, you must be able to distinguish that stimulus from another stimulus. This cannot be a subjective capacity but must be a feature of the world because if …
Civilization is the end phase of culture, said Oswald Spengler once in his famous Decline of the West. He meant that in the phase of civilization, people can no longer create new and profound ideas but live in the framework established by the ideas and values created in the previous ages. This is why civilization …
Obviously, potentiality precedes the distinction between subject and object, mind and reality. And it encompasses those two poles too. Reality is, therefore, a bifurcation, a separation of them. Because knowledge exists now, there always has been a potentiality for it. Inside of knowledge, forms exist independently of their carriers: redness independently of the red things, …
Everything that exists, exists due to memory. Since it lasts, it continues to endure in the same form. This is an aspect that is less taken into account by science and the scientific mentality that nowadays rules us to a certain extent. Why can a certain thing keep its form over time and not cease …
Modernity developed a very acute historicist sense, which culminated with Darwinian evolutionism. According to that sense, everything has a cause in the past. This explanation leaves no place for teleology, one of the main categories of traditional thinking. Thus, history is no longer thought of as moving toward a final goal (except, maybe, if we …
One of the most important aspects of reality, constantly neglected nowadays, is what in the past was called (divine) providence. This is the force keeping everything together, not as a heap of randomly amassed things, but as what the ancients called a cosmos, i.e., a harmonious heterogeneous universe. In this cosmos, we have differences that …
Perhaps there could be a solution to the present-day crisis of metaphysics. And this solution comes from the advance in computational science and technology. We witness nowadays not only a never-before-seen advance in knowledge (for example, they say that in 2021 in a single day, as much content was published on the internet as in …
Although science often despises the philosophical approach, we must underline both that science appeared due to philosophy and still exists because of the philosophical appetite of man. And this philosophical appetite that moved Socrates was what we could call the valuing approach. It asks: why is it better for something to be rather than not …
Pain as Reaction If we start with the simplest meaning of pain, pain is only a sensation. The most elementary pain is bodily pain, and the most elementary bodily pain is located pain: a tooth can hurt you or your finger, or you have a stomach pain, and so forth. If you are a scientist dealing …